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Serotonin is not typically associated with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance refers to the body's diminished ability to respond to insulin, which is primarily regulated by hormones that influence glucose metabolism and storage.

Cortisol, a glucocorticoid hormone, plays a significant role in glucose metabolism and can lead to increased blood glucose levels, contributing to insulin resistance. Similarly, epinephrine, a stress hormone, can elevate blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis, further impacting insulin sensitivity. Growth hormone also affects glucose metabolism; it promotes lipolysis and can antagonize insulin’s action, leading to glucose availability that can exacerbate insulin resistance.

In contrast, serotonin is primarily known for its role in mood regulation and does not have a direct influence on insulin sensitivity. Its metabolic impacts are more related to appetite regulation rather than directly inducing insulin resistance. This distinction makes serotonin stand out as the hormone least associated with insulin resistance.