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The primary action of sulfonylureas is to directly stimulate beta cells in the pancreas to secrete insulin. Sulfonylureas work by binding to specific receptors on the beta cells, leading to an increase in the release of insulin in response to glucose levels in the blood. This action is crucial for managing blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, as increasing insulin availability helps facilitate the uptake of glucose into the cells, thereby lowering blood sugar levels.

This mechanism is particularly important for patients with type 2 diabetes, where the body's natural insulin response may be impaired. By enhancing insulin secretion, sulfonylureas help to improve glycemic control in these patients.

The other options suggest mechanisms that do not represent the action of sulfonylureas. For instance, stimulating alpha cells to secrete glucagon would elevate blood glucose levels instead of lowering them, while decreasing carbohydrate absorption in the intestines involves a different class of medications, not sulfonylureas. Additionally, increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues is contradictory to the intended effect of sulfonylureas, which is to lower blood sugar by increasing insulin levels.